Industrialization, urbanization, the city.
Modernism
The artist's response to Modernity.
John Ruskin (1819 - 1900)
Paris 1900 - Most advanced and modern city of the time.
Urbanization - Shift from rural to urban.
Work time, Leisure time.
Lives no Longer limited by sun and nature.
Enlightenment of the 18th century
- Emergence of pivotal and important works of science and philosophy
- Pushed society away from God and towards logic and science
- Eiffel tower: 1889, symbol of modernity and unapologetic aesthetic (metal/form follows function)
Modernism = Improvement
- Late 1880s - paintings shift to the city and become more impressionistic.
Haussimanisation
- Paris 1850s onwards - New Paris
- Haussimanisation - Redesigning Paris to make it easier to police (social control)
- Dangerous elements of the city are moved outside of the city centre
- Upper class zone
- Fashion becomes an important form of self expression of individuality in a cluttered and busy society.
- Degas - Absinthe drinker (1876)
- Cropping aesthetic in painting resembling photography
- Circular viewing machine
- look at slides (landscapes, artworks, porn)
- Engage with the world through a machine
- Alienated, technological
Modernism - A response to the shifting forces of Modernity and Experience of Modernity.
Design
- Anti-Historicism
- Truth to materials
- Form follows function
- Technology
- Internationalism
- Celebrate new materials for what they are
- Beauty in function
- Architecture: buildings grow up to accommodate for rapidly growing population in small locations
- Accidentally haunting buildings (modernist architecture looks great new but wear and tear give it a clinical and depressing appearance.)
- Sleek, modern
Reject style and history to create something neutral and timeless!
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